The Greek Government and the Early Release of the Freiburg Murderer

Was Hussein Khavari (known only as “Hussein K.” in Germany) released from a Greek prison early in order that he might flee to Germany, and thus get him out of the Greeks’ hair? Or was it a matter of simple incompetence on the part of the Greek government?

Mr. Khavari, the alleged rapist and murderer of Maria L. in Freiburg, had been sentenced to ten years in prison in Greece for attempted murder. Yet the Greek judicial authorities released him after he had served only a year and a half of that sentence.

Below is a brief excerpt from a press conference in which German Interior Minister Thomas de Maizière discusses the murder of Maria L. and the early release of her accused killer.

Many thanks to Egri Nök for the translation, and to Vlad Tepes for the subtitling:

The following article from Die Welt, also translated by Egri Nök, examines the release of Hussein K. in greater detail:

Was Hussein K. released for ideological reasons?

by Boris Kálnoky

[Photo caption: Jails in Greece are over crowded, protests and revolts are not rare incidents.]

The Freiburg suspect had already been sentenced to ten years of imprisonment and served jail time in Greece. Even so, he was released as part of an amnesty, allegedly because of over crowded prisons. An expert supposes that in fact it was about party-political reasons for the Syriza government.

Much has been said and written on the case of the alleged woman-killer of Freiburg, an Afghan refugee who was already in prison for a similar crime in Greece. Ten years’ imprisonment was the verdict after he had thrown a young woman off a cliff.

However, after only a year and a half, he was released in October 2015 as part of an amnesty, with the requirement to report regularly to the police.

Instead, he soon disappeared for Germany. The Greek authorities announced a manhunt, but only within the country — European Ministries of the Interior therefore had no information about him.

The Greeks forwent an international manhunt

The alleged murderer of Freiburg was convicted in Greece because of a murder-related offense, Federal Minister of the Interior de Maizière said. He was identified with no doubt. He held the Greek authorities in partial fault.

“Incompetence,” suggests Dimitris Papadimitriou, a Greek researcher at the University of Manchester. The purpose of the amnesty was to create space in Greece’s overcrowded prisons by freeing mainly prisoners whose offenses were not particularly severe.

In the case of such less serious cases, it is not customary to alert international authorities if the person released breaches his reporting obligation and disappears.

Rulebook slowdown? Or lack of attention?

Perhaps, suggests Papadimitriou, the responsible authorities had just been “engaging in a work-to-rule”. As the perpetrator had been released in the context of an amnesty for less serious crimes, it was perhaps not deemed necessary to report to the partner authorities abroad. Or they just did not pay attention.

The man, however, had been sentenced to ten years’ imprisonment for attempted murder. Not a light offense, and Papadimitriou neither understands why the case was not reported abroad, nor why the man was released at all.

The German Ministry of the Interior has announced that it would demand an explanation from the Greek authorities on their lack of inactivity.

The Ministry of Justice in Athens justified its decision with the “good conduct” of the prisoner. “Even with very good behavior, a release is normally only considered when at least half of the sentence has been served,” says Papadimitriou. In this case five years.

One goal: the release of a leftist bomb-maker

But the amnesty had reduced the threshold to 20 percent for prison sentences between three and ten years. A fifth of ten years — in this case, it would have been two years. The perpetrator, according to media reports, had only served 1.5 years.

There have been speculations as to whether the Greek leadership simply wanted to get rid of as many criminals as possible with the amnesty. It came in October 2015, at the height of the refugee crisis. A large proportion of the Greek prison population consisted of migrants; therefore a large proportion of those amnestied were migrants. So — according to critics — it was only reasonable to assume that many of them would move with the great refugee stream towards Germany.

The reason, however, was probably a different one: the party-political dynamics within the left-populist Syriza government. “The left wing was still very strong in the party at that time,” says the Syriza specialist Papadimitriou, “and a broad liberalization of the penitentiary system was a central theme for these forces.” They even tried to press the easing of detention conditions and the lessening of penalties for Greek leftist terrorists, as well as the release of the imprisoned bomb maker of the terrorist group “17 November” Savvas Xiros.

Dangerous violent criminals were released

So the amnesty was a result of idealistic beliefs, not to get rid of prisoners and point them in the direction of Germany, the researcher says. To some extent, the amnesty had even been a reasonable idea, but it went astray for ideological reasons, and out of incompetence.

The eventual Freiburg suspect was not the only dubious beneficiary of the amnesty. The step caused outrage among portions of the population, because dangerous violent criminals were also released.

One of them, Vassilis Stefanakos, who is notorious in Greece, was sentenced to several terms of imprisonment (21 years, 14 years, 14.5 years) for various offenses ranging from abetting murder, extortion, and smuggling, to aiding the escape of a prisoner. He also allegedly cooperated with a terrorist group. He was released in this amnesty after serving only eight years.

The courts are absolutely overwhelmed

Accordingly, opposition politicians criticized the amnesty sharply, and demanded that only perpetrators who had committed no violent crimes, and who were no longer a danger to society, should be released early. It is unclear whether the Greek authorities will now review the files on the amnesties again, and report problems to the ministries of the EU.

The overcrowded prisons are not the only problem with Greek justice. According to media reports, the courts are so overworked that it would take ten years to process all cases on file, even if no new cases were added on top. Several-months-long strikes of judicial officials last year exacerbated the problem. According to media reports, the burden on the courts doubled in 2015 from 380,000 to 700,000 unprocessed cases.

In addition, Greece has far too few specialized lawyers to cope with the tens of thousands of asylum applications in the refugee crisis. Judges for second-instance proceedings are particularly lacking. The EU had promised aid with personnel, but so far little has been achieved. Less than 100 lawyers from the EU have so far been sent to Greece to help with asylum procedures. Several hundred were promised.

Video transcript:

00:00   Concerning this case, immediately after the issue became known,
00:08   I pressed for clarification via our liaison officer in Athens.
00:13   Subsequently, it is now certain that the suspect in the terrible crime of Freiburg
00:19   is identical with the person sentenced for attempted murder in Greece.
00:25   Yesterday evening the Greek authorities, on the basis of the fingerprints forwarded by Germany,
00:30   identified him without a doubt.
00:33   The suspect was convicted of attempted premeditated murder, and robbery,
00:39   on May 26, 2013, in Greece, and given a ten-year prison sentence.
00:47   On October 30, 2015 he was released on probation, under the condition that for the next five years
00:54   he would report once a month to the police station responsible for his place of residence.
01:01   As he did not comply with that condition, the Greek authorities issued an arrest warrant
01:09   and imposed the serving of the remainder of his sentence.
01:13   However, there was only a national search for him since.
01:19   Regrettably, the Greek authorities neglected to implement an international search.
01:27   Otherwise, the suspect, at a proper [immigration] control by the
01:33   German security authorities at different stages, would have raised suspicion.
01:37   There were enquiries into several aspects of the data.
01:41   This is a very aggravating event, which we will certainly have to discuss with the Greek side.
 

24 thoughts on “The Greek Government and the Early Release of the Freiburg Murderer

  1. Yes, you do that. Discuss it. But don’t bother solving or fixing it, you despicable people, you!

    Just go on collecting your paychecks. Bleah. I do not know how such people can face themselves in the mirror each morning. But somehow they do manage to do so. Europa is so lost.

    • Mariadee…it’s Advent. A time of preparation for the birth of Christ. You’ve mentioned you’re a Christian, if I remember correctly? Is this what you say to your fellow human beings?

      If you found yourself in a nightmare – say, perhaps, the government decided one day that you or your husband couldn’t have the medications you need. What would *you* do to change that??

      We live in a soviet now, Mariadee. And your state is part of it. Do you know how close you came to being ruled by President Clinton II ? She won the popular vote after all…

      • And so do I. No offence, Lady D., but as I’ve posted here before, a comment by the late Thora Hird is so appropriate:

        “It’s one thing to be socially responsible, but quite another thing to be damned stupid!” Which western countries are being, in spades.

  2. Maybe Europeans need to return to being ruled by kings and dictators? They appear incapable of managing any form of democracy, let alone a republic. Leave them to their own devices and they invariably elect leftists and socialists, or Big Brother-type surveillance states but lacking in the rule of law like England. Not that the US is any better in governing itself. Leaders such as Orban, Wilders, and LePen seem to be the exception rather than the rule, and the establishment of rule of law and sound finances is easily overturned by the next scoundrel. This case is a microcosm of what is wrong with Europe and the West in general. We get the governments we deserve, and so this is the end result.

    • Moon–

      I don’t think that’s fair to Europeans. It’s a blanket condemnation of a continent, at the very least. I am tired of defending them when they find themselves caught in a quagmire not of their making. It’s a creation of the elites.

      America is not far behind. Hillary won the most recent presidential popular vote, demonstrating how attractive many Americans find the easy lies of dictators. We RE-elected a lazy, indolent, thin-skinned City of One whose idea of participatory democracy is that he can sign into law anything he feels like signing. Obama has allowed thousands – maybe hundreds of thousands, we don’t really know – immigrants from MENA. They are potentially dangerous, but so what. Don’t confront him none.

      We had to elect someone from outside the current governing class to get the attention of the deep state. Even now, they’re figuring out how to blunt that uppity action by people who are supposed to know their place by now. And Trump, unwisely I think, chose as his secretary of state a man who has signaled his belief in AGW, in harmful taxation, and in control by corporations. Rex Whats-is turns out to be a good friend of Qatar. It’s a contest as to which is worse – Iran, Saudi Arabia, or Qatar. Yet we continue to align with these feral states because we’ve been too lazy to build a robust energy infrastructure or to even protect our electric grid from attack. We are so blind and complacent…

      We got the government we deserve in America, too. Right between the eyes.

      So please stop pointing your finger at Europe when we are no better. Unless you’re from New Zealand, anyway. They appear to be a few steps ahead of many places. At this point it’s all relative.

      • Dymphna,

        I am just as frustrated when it comes to the quandary the West finds itself in. Certainly we are not far behind; only an ocean and a more rebellious native population has kept us from being inundated with trash from the third world too. I agree that the elites are certainly stirring the pot and setting the stage for the current chaos, but we, as Westerners, seem to have collectively lost our way. And it is not entirely the fault of the elites. There is a flawed part of our human nature that seeks to live at other’s expense whenever we can get away with it, and government by popular election seems to bring out the worst of this trait in us. The checks on this kind of behavior; religion, morality, and an educated populace with an electorate limited to those with skin in the game, have all fallen by the wayside. And immoral and irreligious people wind up with governments that are immoral and irreligious as well. I see it as a collective choice to live at the expense of others, and the path leads inexorably from that choice to leftist governments that imprison the innocent while setting free bomb makers, attempted murderers, and rapists. Not any different from the multi-culti crowd baying for the release of the criminal Barabbas and the murder of Christ. My point is this; that those populations, by their choices and desires, are responsible for what follows. And just maybe it is a fatal flaw with elected governments in general, that they seem to always lead to this kind of behavior.

        • That “fatal flaw” certainly appears to be a feature in human nature, not a bug. There will always be a gap, whether individually or as a culture, between what we would achieve and what we actually accomplish. As the poet said, hope is a matter of lowered expectations.

          Justice is an iffy thing, honored more in the breach. You mentioned the murder of Christ: that’s perhaps the archetypal nadir of betrayal and injustice. No matter how often we are blind-sided by betrayal, it always takes us by surprise. To survive, some simply refuse to engage anymore.

          Karen Horney asserted that when we are much too young to make fully informed choices we are forced to adopt an existential position anyway: we can move toward other people, we can move against them, or we can “decide” to move away from engagement. It’s almost, but not quite, an instinctual choice though none of us is only one ‘type’. The more resilient among us can adapt and move among the three attitudes, but one of them will be our dominant way of being in the world. For some, the preferred stance can change over time, and be influenced by our life experience – though our way of being in the world will, of course, be the filter for those experiences.

          That fundamental change what conversion experiences are about – e.g., famous ex-Communists whose integrity forced them to give up a core belief. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_God_that_Failed

          Wow – just looked at Amazon’s choices on this book:

          http://amzn.to/2hYLG8d

          The very cheapest is over 8.00 – that’s something for a piece of non-fiction cobbled together in 1949. I’ll have to see if it’s available online.

          In 2011 Dr. Andrew Bostom wrote a tribute to Whittaker Chambers that I’ve never forgotten.

          http://www.andrewbostom.org/2011/07/whittaker-chambers-communism-and-islam/

          If we would “cure” the current metastasis that is hollowing out the West, we need to begin by understanding how our culture was softened up by Marxism. That was the necessary precursor to Islam.

          • I think part of the problem is that soft sympathetic emotions have replaced intellectual rigour. We are bombarded with images of dusky babies, begging for our money. The heartstrings are jerked and the purses open and flow. No one asks what should be being done -by the recipients of our largesse- in order to stop these ever repeated pleas and improve their lot.
            A young woman of my acquaintance, well educated, researching for her PhD, thinks capitalism is the problem. But, that central government should spend more on the NHS, Education, the homeless and aid. Pray where, I asked should the money come from? Central government she replied. But…but.. they have no money other than that which they raise through taxes. Taxes on profit from trade ultimately, whether from earned income of company profits. She still didn’t “get it” How do you deal wth people like this? They are not technically stupid, but…. I though education was supposed to broaden and open a mind, not shut it tighly closed.

      • “Unless you’re from New Zealand, anyway. They appear to be a few steps ahead of many places.”

        Often said to be a back water and behind the times, some saying by about 20+ years.
        The fortunate part being surrounded by 1000’s of miles of seas.
        Yet it is full steam to catch up to the rest of the world, and then any point of difference being expounded as “leading the world”.

        In 2005, almost 20% of New Zealanders were born overseas, one of the highest percentages of any country in the world. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_to_New_Zealand

        Immigration has markedly increased since then, although the “gross domestic product” has increased, per capita it has arguably remained the same.

        Many house owners may feel very rich, but the price of houses are 8 times the average wage, in Auckland as demand is insatiable, driven by immigration, and overseas people can also bid.

        NZ has borrowed, since 2008 to keep being balanced, Christchurch earthquakes and now Kaikoura earth quakes.
        The government has returned to surplus, so may pay down some debt.

        The fortunate part that being first in the world to have a ‘free trade’ agreement with China, and in seeking similiar with India, then many immigrants are from those countries and others with skills are acknowledged on a ‘points system’

        • NZ has been led well by John Key, and is in good shape, but Mr Key has now gone.
          Bill English who was Finance Minister is now PM, but the future is now unclear for NZ with the rising star Paula Bennett, loved by Maoris, hated by others in the running for PM next year.

          As for NZ being a “backwater, 20 years behind the times…” , every American travel writer I’ve ever heard cover NZ, has said just that, and worse,–yet they flock to NZ, (unfortunately) why? Because up to a point NZ offers sanity

          However, all that may change in the near future, as the MENA plague which is killing Europe has now found the way to NZ, where a couple of years ago a young oriental in a Dunedin supermarket yelled to a muslima that she was in NZ now, and to get rid of her hijab; chaos ensued and almost all the other shoppers sided with the moslem….

  3. Face Palm… exactly how many of these guys did they cut lose.
    Swirling the Drain, doesn’t even come close, Mushroom Cloud gets you in the ball park, how much further can we go here.

  4. Basically the powers that be are saying. “The migrant murder is of more value than the woman he threw down a cliff in Greece, and the woman he murdered in Germany” Had he faced a long hard sentence in Greece for attempted murder (hey, since when did attempted murder become a minor crime?????) he would not have been free to murder the German girl. There are no, or few, consequences to peoples actions any more. So if you are that way inclined, the brakes are off. You can follow your basest instincts, and the fallout -for you – will be minimal. Is it any wonder we live in such a seemingly unjust time?

  5. The Western societies we all inhabit are on the point of departure / death. Our love of freedom max, our back-to-front logic when balancing punishment and rehabilitation, and our women’s lack of interest in having babies, all lead in this direction. Down hill all the way, into minority status inside our own rich, comfy, nanny-states. It can only get worse. Nothing can reverse the decline of Western Civilization. And the connection of our decline to the multi-racial element is undeniable. Too many of us are asking ” where do we go from here ?” Who has the answer?

  6. The Afghan killer was sentenced to 10 years in Greece for attempted murder. He threw a young girl off a cliff on the island of Corfu when she resisted being raped. The victim was “lucky” in that she was an experienced mountain climber and succeeded in protecting her head as she tumbled down the rocks. She was seriously hurt and spent months in hospital. But she was in court and positively identified her assailant.
    The Afghan killer arrived in Greece as “unaccompanied minor” and despite he being obviously older than 17, he was registered as of that age because he stated he was a “minor.”

    One year into his sentence, the killer was released “under terms” thanks to Law 4322/2015 passed by the communist SYRIZA government. The law was introduced by the then Justice Minister Nikos Paraskevopoulos, who belongs to the vile category of “progressives” advocating open borders, extensive rights for felons (including generous early release), limiting the field of law enforcement in ways that make combating crime an Odyssey, and, in general, pursuing extreme forms of an “open society” that is in effect a LAWLESS society with open arms for all “oppressed,” “persecuted” etc including, of course, any “freedom fighter” of the most severe terrorist type. Special five stars treatment is reserved for Moslem faithful fighting for the preservation of Islam, this religion of peace under attack by Crusaders.

    Law 4322 provides for early release of anyone sentenced to 10 years or more if the prisoner has served at least 2/5 of his sentence. In the case of the Afghan killer, this period should have been four (4) years. For unexplained reasons, however, he was let go after completing one year. I find this unsurprising because of the traditional laxity in the application of laws by Greek governments irrespective of ideological hues. The killer obviously benefited also by the fact of being a Moslem from a country being “raped” by Western imperialism. Furthermore, under SYRIZA (1) felonies are usually treated as misdemeanors (2) there is a scandalous tendency to assume that ALL illegal immigrants are law-abiding and potential great additions to Greek society (3) imprisonment for serious crimes is deemed “cruel and unusual punishment IRRESPECTIVE of the nature of the crime and/or its heinous nature, and (4) the prison system is considered an unacceptable element for a “civilized” society.

    The Greek police were fortunately doing their job when they arrested this filthy creep bastard and they uploaded his fingerprints and photos (including those of his upper torso full of tattoos) to European law enforcement databases. It was thus rather easy for the German police to discover the bastard’s “Greek connection.”

    This killer was lucky he was first accosted in Greece. It was almost certain that ANYTHING he did in breaking the law would have landed him on the proverbial cotton-filled mattress as it eventually happened.

    Paraskevopoulos was called out in parliament the other day and, predictably, he defended his “progressive” principles that dictate letting killers go so that they can kill again.

    • … and the validity of the law has been prolonged, instead of to be immediately withdrawn. The leftists governing Greece are dangerous people indeed!

  7. “ten years in prison in Greece for attempted murder”

    Did he kill her or not? If he did how the [expletive] is it “Attempted murder”????
    Or is it just me seeing it wrong?

    • No, he didn’t kill her. He threw her off a cliff, but she survived.

      The young woman he killed was in Germany, 2-3 years later.

    • Apparently, you did not read correctly what I wrote: I was addressing FIRST the case of the young woman in GREECE who survived being pushed down a cliff after resisting the Afghan’s attempt to rape her. He then left Greece and popped up in Germany as still “17 years old” although he looked much older.

      Now, the German press is attacking Greek authorities for not having issued a European Arrest Warrant (EAW) for this scum. This was an obvious (fatal) omission by Greek prosecutors. The killer was released “under terms” i.e. he was required to report to the police once a month. Of course, this is naive–what felon reports to the police once he’s out and free to go. Still, his failure to show up MUST have triggered an automatic EAW because he was convicted of attempted murder, a felony.

      The German police discovered the killer’s fingerprints in databases accessible throughout Europe AFTER the murder of the German girl–and thus confirmed that he had been sentenced in Greece. By that time it was too late though.

  8. If I were the Greeks I would (metaphorically) spit in the German’s face. Who invited the barbarians into Europe? The Greeks didn’t. The Germans did!

    Germany, using the southern European states as markets for her own goods and encouraging their debt (as the Wall Street criminals, still unpunished, did in the USA), then have the effrontery to get bent out of shape when the Greek economy tanks.

    Greece is the LAST place which can cope with an influx of barbarians! They ought to herd them all into Germany. Unfortunately, because of their geography and their economic weakness, they can’t act as an Orban and protect themselves.

    As stated, their legal institutions are overburdened by this terrible avalanche. Why should they accept responsibility for it? Even if they had put out an international alert, it doesn’t signify a different outcome. It was on this website I think where I read a few days ago that the French have 20,000 under surveillance! It’s like searching for a needle in a haystack. How many atrocities have been committed by barbarians already on a watch list? Most!!!

    Germany created this crisis and it is Germany who must be held accountable. They have an unerring facility of undermining peace in Europe!

    Another question – as the USA still controls international waters, we now have the ability to station ships in the Mediterranean to stop the boats. Remember Thomas Jefferson and the Barbary Pirates? Brian Kilmede’s book on the topic –

    https://www.amazon.com/Thomas-Jefferson-Tripoli-Pirates-Forgotten/dp/1591848067

  9. I agree with Dymphna. We all remember with horror Obama saying, back in 2009, that he wanted the USA to be more like Europe – i.e. a place of economic Welfare State stagnation, and Brussels globalism! That was before the current migration tsunami – which he has likewise embraced for the USA.

    Trump’s victory is a remission. I only hope that Vicktor Orban is correct and that we might be seeing the last gasp of the Left. But we know they will fight like alley cats – as they are currently trying to stage a coup d’etat against Trump.

    Everything will depend on who is in control of the education of the young! We need to return to the noble Greek education concept of PAIDEIA. After all, no matter the sorry state of Greece today, Classical Greece is the foundation (along with the Judaic and Christian religions) of Western culture, against which Marx fought a long and so far successful battle of destruction.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paideia

  10. I cannot but agree fully with your argument. Greece has committed fatal mistakes since the fall of the junta, after 7 years in power, in 1974. The whole country went into conscious “democratization” viz. allowing the Left to claim both the low and high ground in every aspect of politics and society.

    Such catastrophic mistakes you pay for the rest of your life. Greek conservatives felt it was to their micro-political advantage to emulate the various strands of loony leftism in the hope of claiming power. They failed miserably because they chose opportunism over politics. Next thing we knew was the COLLAPSE of the economy and the surrender of the country to German-led creditors in 2010 (one of the best sources on the Greek sovereign debt calamity is this: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B018O3NSWQ/ref=dp-kindle-redirect?_encoding=UTF8&btkr=1 )

    As for Paideia, the Greek state has ABANDONED all that Greek classical civilization has to offer. This is not sensationalism, it is the dispiriting truth we experience DAILY in Greece. Leftism and “socialist” statism have corrupted every corner of Greek intellectual life — which was in decline anyway after a brief interlude from the 1900s to the 1930s. The Greek public school system lies in ruins. Illiterate teachers, communist unions, and political opportunism reign supreme.

    But the worst, indeed lethal, aspect of today’s Greece is the veritable Fifth Column of “humanitarians,” “inclusionists,” and “multi-culturalists” who have been growing bolder and bolder as the vanguard of lobotomized “progressivism.”

    This is a cunning subversive league CONSCIOUSLY undermining the country’s peace and security in the name of “internationalist solidarity.” And the incumbent communist government offers infinite opportunities for these saboteurs to “improve” their tactics. Alexis Tsipras, the Greek PM, was the ONLY European leader (and, indeed, the only leader from the so-called ‘West’) who traveled to Havana to eulogize the bloody dead Fidel Castro. What else can I say?

    Greece is falling apart at speeds even the pessimists find alarming. Merkelism has crushed the Greek economy and transformed Greece into Europe’s septic tank to hold all the undesirable and DANGEROUS “migrants.” EUtopia insists Greece pays EUR 350 billion with interest in full. Such money does not exist in the whole universe. With the communists turned obedient lackeys of Merkel et. al. in order to stay in power, the country has little, if any, possibility of a turnaround. Our future is dark and getting darker.

    • Through darkness light can be found. Take heart. What is to stop Greece refusing to pay? In the end, it will happen. After all, many of Germany’s debts were forgiven following WW2, when, under the Marshall Plan, she was bankrolled by the American taxpayer – something Merkel forgets – so typical of the PC ignorance of history.

      Winds of change are blowing from the Hungarian plains, the picturesque rural pubs of England and us deplorables who live in fly-over country in the USA – even within Germany itself. We are all fed up to the back teeth with the Marxist, global terrorists and their barbarian allies.

      It is possible that what we are witnessing is the beginning of the end of the Left. It is rotten, sclerotic, decadent and fossilized and the more it becomes irrelevant that more it will fight back. But in the end, people like you and all of us commenting here, (eternal thanks to the Baron and Dymphna), will triumph!

      • The Greeks could make a start by demanding the return of their gold reserves, looted by the Nazis to pay for the occupation.

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